UNION 运算符用于组合两个或多个 SELECT 语句的结果集。
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1
UNION
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table2
UNION 运算符默认只选择不同的值。要允许重复值,请使用 UNION ALL:
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1
UNION ALL
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table2
在本教程中,我们将使用著名的示例数据库“Northwind”。
以下是表“Customers”(“客户”)中的示例:
CustomerID | CustomerName | ContactName | Address | City | PostalCode | Country |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Alfreds Futterkiste | Maria Anders | Obere Str. 57 | Berlin | 12209 | Germany |
2 | Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados | Ana Trujillo | Avda. de la Constitución 2222 | México D.F. | 5021 | Mexico |
3 | Antonio Moreno Taquería | Antonio Moreno | Mataderos 2312 | México D.F. | 5023 | Mexico |
4 | Around the Horn | Thomas Hardy | 120 Hanover Sq. | London | WA1 1DP | UK |
5 | Berglunds snabbköp | Christina Berglund | Berguvsvägen 8 | Luleå | S-958 22 | Sweden |
以及表“Suppliers”(“供应商”)中的示例:
SupplierID | SupplierName | ContactName | Address | City | PostalCode | Country | Phone |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Exotic Liquid | Charlotte Cooper | 49 Gilbert St. | Londona | EC1 4SD | UK | (171) 555-2222 |
2 | New Orleans Cajun Delights | Shelley Burke | P.O. Box 78934 | New Orleans | 70117 | USA | (100) 555-4822 |
3 | Grandma Kelly's Homestead | Regina Murphy | 707 Oxford Rd. | Ann Arbor | 48104 | USA | (313) 555-5735 |
4 | Tokyo Traders | Yoshi Nagase | 9-8 Sekimai Musashino-shi | Tokyo | 100 | Japan | (03) 3555-5011 |
5 | Cooperativa de Quesos 'Las Cabras' | Antonio del Valle Saavedra | Calle del Rosal 4 | Oviedo | 33007 | Spain | (98) 598 76 54 |
以下SQL语句从Customers和Suppliers表中选择城市(仅不同值):
Run SQLSELECT City FROM Customers
UNION
SELECT City FROM Suppliers
ORDER BY City
以下 SQL 语句从“客户”和“供应商”表中选择城市(也是重复的值):
Run SQLSELECT City FROM Customers
UNION ALL
SELECT City FROM Suppliers
ORDER BY City
以下SQL语句从Customers和Suppliers表中选择德国城市(仅不同值):
Run SQLSELECT City, Country FROM Customers
WHERE Country = 'Germany'
UNION
SELECT City, Country FROM Suppliers
WHERE Country = 'Germany'
ORDER BY City
以下 SQL 语句从“客户”和“供应商”表中选择德国城市(也是重复的值):
Run SQLSELECT City, Country FROM Customers
WHERE Country = 'Germany'
UNION ALL
SELECT City, Country FROM Suppliers
WHERE Country = 'Germany'
ORDER BY City
以下 SQL 语句列出了所有客户和供应商:
Run SQLSELECT 'Customer' AS Type, ContactName, City, Country
FROM Customers
UNION
SELECT 'Supplier', ContactName, City, Country
FROM Suppliers
请注意,上面的“AS Type”是一个别名。 SQL 别名用于为表或列提供临时名称。 该别名仅在请求期间存在。 因此,我们在这里创建了一个名为“Type”的临时列,用于指示联系人是“客户”还是“供应商”。